You might observe a significant amount of smoke residue and relatively minor fire damage in a particular situation for several reasons. Here are a few possible explanations:

1. Fire Suppression Systems: If the building or area where the fire occurred was equipped with fire suppression systems, for example, sprinklers or fire extinguishers, they might have effectively controlled or extinguished the flames before they could cause extensive damage. In such cases, the smoke generated by the fire can still spread throughout the space, leaving behind residue while the fire itself is contained.
2. Firefighters’ Intervention: Prompt and effective intervention by firefighters can help minimize fire damage. Firefighters are trained to extinguish fires swiftly and efficiently, using techniques and equipment to reduce structural damage. They may employ ventilation, containment, and targeted water application to prevent the fire from spreading and causing extensive destruction.
3. Building Materials: The materials used in building construction can also influence the amount of fire damage. Fire-resistant materials, such as concrete, fire-rated walls, or fire-resistant coatings, can slow down the spread of flames and reduce the overall impact of the fire. In these situations, even if there is a significant amount of smoke residue, the actual fire damage may be limited.
4. Rapid Response: A quick response time from the fire department can make a significant difference in limiting fire damage. If the fire is reported promptly and firefighters arrive on the scene quickly, they can mitigate its effects before it can fully engulf the area. In such situations, the fire may not have had enough time to cause substantial damage, but the smoke residue remains.

It’s important to note that the observations you mentioned can vary depending on the specific circumstances of the fire. Each fire incident is unique, and factors such as the size, duration, location, and available firefighting resources can all influence the amount of smoke residue and fire damage observed.